Lithium-ion batteries can be a safety hazard if not properly engineered and manufactured since cells have flammable electrolytes and if damaged or incorrectly charged, can lead to explosions and fires.

Much development has made progress in manufacturing safe lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion all-solid-state batteries are being developed to eliminate the flammable electrolyte.

What cause battery leak?

Laptop batteries are mostly lithium-ion batteries. However, lithium ions are chemically very reactive and can easily burn if a leak occurs. So, under what circumstances will the battery leak?

For example, when a scar battery is charged and discharged, the internal temperature of the battery continues to rise, the gas generated during the activation process expands, and the internal pressure of the battery increases. When the pressure reaches a certain level, it will burst, causing liquid leakage, fire, or even explosion.

A Li-ion battery fire can also be started due to thermal abuse, e.g. poor cooling or external fire, electrical abuse, e.g. overcharge or external short circuit, mechanical abuse, e.g. penetration or crash, or internal short circuit, e.g. due to manufacturing flaws or aging. Because of these risks, testing standards are more stringent than those for acid-electrolyte batteries, requiring both a broader range of test conditions and additional battery-specific tests, and there are shipping limitations imposed by safety regulators.

How to deal with a battery leak?

●Unplug it from the power outlet if it is on charge.
●Avoid inhaling any smoke or fumes.
●If possible, remove it to an outside area away from any combustible material and away from windows or doorways.
●Small devices can be dropped into a bucket of clean water to cool if this can be done safely.
●Small flames can be doused with a bucket of water or a garden hose to stop the fire spreading to nearby objects. Make sure the device is not plugged in to mains power or near other powered equipment when applying water.
●If trained to use a nearby fire blanket or a fire extinguisher (dry chemical powder or carbon dioxide), only attempt to use them from a safe distance away from any smoke or vapors. These may be used to prevent the spread of fire to the surroundings but are not likely to fully extinguish a lithium-ion battery fire.
●Call the fire department even if you no longer see visible smoke or flames. If not cooled sufficiently, the battery will most likely reignite.

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